So, what is the difference between reactive and proactive training? For many dog owners this one question can be very confusing. Some will claim that reactive training is more effective than proactive training, and vice versa. There are some differences between the two though. One of the biggest issues is that reactive training can be used for certain types of dogs. Proactive training can be used for other types of dogs though.
Reactive training, also known as punitive training, is when the trainer uses a sharp stick to provide a certain sort of "punishment" for certain types of bad behaviour. An example might be that you were teaching your dog to sit when you give it a treat. When your dog stops it's sitting, you would tap it on the head with the stick. This type of training will generally teach a dog that it needs to sit or behave in a particular way in order to get a treat. It is important to note that this type of training shouldn't be used to punish a dog, but rather to encourage good behaviour.
However, this type of training can also be a bit harsh for some dogs and isn't recommended for all breeds or personality types. The key reason for this is that this style of training needs to be gradual and consistent. If a dog isn't consistently rewarded for good behaviour it will quickly forget how. This can result in your dog complying solely out of fear, which isn't always the best way to train.
Most importantly, this type of training needs to be backed up by rewards. Rewards should be given for simple things like sitting, walking, or other good behaviours that your dog has demonstrated. This way your dog will start to associate performing the action with something positive, and as a result will continue to do so every time.
By performing these types of training exercises on a regular basis you will not only correct bad behaviour, but you will create a better bond between you and your dog. A dog that isn't constantly praised and encouraged will quickly develop a negative association between their actions and poor behaviour. And this can lead to bad behaviours becoming second nature, meaning that you won't even be able to stop your dog from doing them.
Proactive training doesn't mean you have to always be at your dog's side. Training can also be performed when you're not at home, such as when you're out on vacation. When you return your dog may be anxious or even resentful about the events of their stay in your absence. As well as being frustrating for you, it can also be dangerous for your dog if they become overly aggressive or possessive, as they could interpret your absence as a sign that you aren't happy with them.
If you find yourself training your dog too much, or at an unreasonable speed, then it may be time to step back. Don't push too hard, but be supportive and patient. It can take a while to properly bond with a dog, and your dog needs to learn that their behaviour isn't rewarded. If you constantly punish your dog for the wrong reasons then you'll end up with a very hostile and unpredictable dog that will quickly learn to avoid you altogether. Taking a proactive approach to training can ensure that your dog is well-behaved and loves you in return.
It is important that you don't focus too much time or energy on training your dog to become proactive. While this can be a quick and easy way to establish yourself as the leader of the pack, productivity can be learnt over time and with constant encouragement and praise. Dogs learn through association so being positive with your dog will quickly create a more positive relationship between you both. If you find yourself consistently training your dog in one particular direction, change the routine or direction the dog is going and then watch as your dog quickly learns new ways to respond to you and your commands. The benefits of using positive reinforcement to get your dog to behave in a more proactive way will soon become apparent and your days of training for simple 'fetching and walking' will become a thing of the past.
